Journal article from CD-ROM, electronic database, or journal In order to have an accurate record of what you have researched and therefore an accurate reference, it is important that you write down the details of your sources as you study. When taking notes, use a separate page for each new book, journal article, or electronic source. At the top of each page, clearly record the following information for future reference. Barnes, R. (1995) Successful study for degrees. 2 nd edition, London: Routledge. The DfEE (2001: 8) suggest that each year ‘some have estimated the cost to the country of poor literacy and numeracy skills to be as high as Ј10 billion’. When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, should be left justified, and the references should never be preceded by a bullet-point or number. Where the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources. The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ or ‘Literature Cited’ and the title should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment. Book – second or later edition With presentations, ‘structure must be clear and precise’ (McCarthy and Hatcher, 1996: 69-70). As a part of an academic community, it is important that you show the reader where you have used someone else’s ideas or words. Failure to properly reference using the Harvard system may make the reader think that you are cheating by claiming someone else’s work as your own. In the academic environment, we call this plagiarism and it is seen as a very serious offence. Please remember that plagiarism is not just when you directly copy words from another student’s or expert’s work. Plagiarism also occurs when you re-word someone else’s ideas in your own work and you do not give credit to the original source. Books with an anonymous or unknown author Mr Bob Builder essay about corporate social responsibility, Managing Director of Builder’s Construction essay writing templates and examples, stated in an interview on 5 September 2000 that ‘customers were increasingly asking for traditional methods and materials to be used in construction projects’. All of the sources you refer to in the main body of your assignment need to be listed at the end of the assignment in a reference list. In a reference list, you only need to list those sources from which you have either quoted or paraphrased. For example, you do not have to list books you used for background reading purposes. Department of Lifelong Learning (2001) how to write an expository essay thesis, CAE0001LWR Unit 5: Note taking skills from lectures and readings. Exeter: Author. In these examples, the quote went over two pages therefore the page numbers were represented as 69-70, rather than as a single number. Also notice from the examples so far, that when the quote ends the sentence, the full stop comes after the inverted comma. In the WWW page example, sometimes the author’s details or the date of publication/update might be missing. When the author’s name is missing essay on media, use the name of the web page to list the reference, as you would with any other anonymous source. If the date of publication or update is missing, omit this information, but be sure to still include in square brackets the date you accessed the information. When organising our time, Adair (1988: 51) states that ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’. Fisher, Ury and Patton (1991: 37) suggest that when emotional issues cloud negotiation, ‘some thoughts are best left unsaid’. Electronic mail (e-mail) OR, IF THE AUTHOR IS UNKNOWN Eisenberg and Smith (in Bolton, 1986: 85) agree that ‘it is hard to assign general meaning to any isolated nonverbal sign’. Unpublished, verbal sources such as interviews and lectures are not reproduced in the reference list. However, you must put any published course materials that you have used in the reference list using the conventions below. McCarthy and Hatcher (1996: 69-70) insist that with presentations ‘structure must be clear and precise’. McCarthy examples of personal opinion essay, P. and Hatcher, C. (1996) Speaking persuasively: Making the most of your presentations. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. (NB – ‘Author’ at the end means that the publisher is the same as the author) Cumming, F. (1999) ‘Tax-free savings push’, Sunday Mail. 4 April best essay help review, p. 1. Book with three or more authors In this example, Muller has written the journal article ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism covering letters uk jobs, the law, sexual identity’ and it has appeared in the journal ‘Australian Feminist Law Journal. in it’s 3 rd volume that was published in August of 1994. The article appears on pages 103 to 107 of the journal. Please note that sometimes, instead of ‘volume’ there may be an ‘issue’ number, and instead of a month of publication, there may be a season. Sometimes there will be a volume number and an issue number. In those cases, list both the volume and issue numbers as has been done below. Examples of other electronic references are listed in the box below. When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). OR company background essay, IF THE AUTHOR IS UNKNOWN Robinson, T. (2001) Re: Information on course structure. e-mail to S. Dhann ([email protected] ), 12 Jul. [13 Jul 2001]. Adult learners should learn the art of effective note taking for the simple reason that students ‘are more likely to remember what they have heard or read if they take an active part in their learning’ (Dhann, 2001:3). Hart, G. Albrecht, M. Bull, R. and Marshall, L. (1992) ‘Peer consultation: A professional development opportunity for nurses employed in rural settings’, Infront Outback – Conference Proceedings. Australian Rural Health Conference, Toowoomba, pp. 143 – 148. Electronic and web based references can be listed in the following ways. The following is a guide to how to list references in a reference list. If you have an example that is not covered by the list below, please check with your tutor or the Student Support Officer regarding the correct technique. When you are writing your assessment, be sure to type in reference information as you add in the ideas of other authors. This will save you time and will ensure that you reference all sources properly. Whenever you use someone else’s ideas or words, you must put in a reference. The only exception to this rule is when the information you have read somewhere is common knowledge or ‘public domain’ information. For example, you would not need to include a reference if you stated in an assignment that Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times. Students are required to know about all modern writing styles and formats that professors ask to use when working on the given writing assignments. They serve as a model of how the paper should look like in relation to the organization, structure, flow of ideas, and references. Harvard style is known to be one of the most popular and commonly used writing styles in an academic environment. 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When speaking about the reference list essay about justice, one should pay attention to the correct description of the publication – writer’s name, title of the source, year of publication, information about the publisher, and place. Look through the peculiarities of the Harvard format: Kilmartin, C. (1997). Children divorce and one-parent families. Family Matters. No. 48. ( Available On-line ) Hart (cited in Haralambos, 1995), writing from a Marxist-feminist position, traces marital conflict to changes in the capitalist economic system and their resultant effect on the roles of men and women. It is difficult to know however, how such an analysis might be translated into practical social policies. This is because the Hart program would appear to require in the first place a radical restructuring of the economic system. Whilst this may be desirable for some, it is not achievable in the present political climate. Hart is right however do my homework please, to suggest that much marital conflict can be linked in some way to the economic circumstances of families. This is borne out in many statistical surveys which show consistently that rates of divorce are higher among socially disadvantaged families (McDonald, 1993). This situation suggests then that social policies need to be geared to providing support and security for these types of families. It is little cause for optimism however, that in recent years governments of all persuasions have shown an increasing reluctance to fund social welfare programs of this kind. It is difficult to offer a comprehensive explanation for the growing trend of marital breakdown; and it is even more difficult to find solutions that might ameliorate the problems created by it. Clearly though, as I have argued in this essay, the most useful answers are to be found not within a narrow legal framework, but within a broader socio-economic one. Harrison, M. (1995). Grounds for divorce. Family Matters. No 42 pp 34-35. A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997) .
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